![]() Despite a 50 years history of music therapy in autism ( Reschke-Hernández, 2011) and many anecdotal reports of its importance to ASD children ( Sacks, 2008), there has been only a handful of fMRI studies on songs or music processing in ASD. Unlike faces, music is an auditory stimulus that interests and motivates many children with ASD ( Kanner, 1943). Music is invaluable to the study of human cognition, emotion and underlying brain networks, including familiarity ( Koelsch, 2005a, b). Familiarity has also been related to the need for sameness and repetitive behaviors in ASD ( Gomot et al., 2008 Chen et al., 2009 Boyd et al., 2010), suggesting it has a valuable role in helping understand these classic symptoms. Nevertheless, unfamiliar faces have been the preferred stimuli to investigate the altered emotional face processing in ASD. ![]() Compared to controls, ASD individuals show face recognition impairments in the processing of unfamiliar but not familiar faces ( Simmons et al., 2009), although some authors suggest delayed development of the processing of familiar faces ( Batty et al., 2011 Webb et al., 2011). Atypical face recognition processing in the ASD population has been reported in different neuroimaging modalities, including event-related potentials (ERPs) ( Dawson et al., 2002 Webb et al., 2006, 2010 Batty et al., 2011), magnetoencephalography (MEG) ( Leung et al., 2014, 2018 Safar et al., 2018) and fMRI ( Pierce et al., 2004 Grelotti et al., 2005 Pierce and Redcay, 2008). Faces are salient stimuli critical for social interaction and communication ( Jack and Schyns, 2015). Most of these studies were on face processing, as understanding socio-emotional difficulties is relevant in this disorder. ![]() The effect of familiarity has been investigated in the ASD population in only a few experimental tasks. In contrast, the desire for sameness and resistance to change may highlight a need for preservation and adherence to familiar environments and routines ( Szatmari et al., 2006) and a heightened sensitivity to novel stimuli may underlie preference for sameness ( Baron-Cohen and Belmonte, 2005). (2008) demonstrated that memory and preference for novelty were predictive of social and communication growth in pre-schoolers with ASD between 4 and 6 1/2 years of age. This subgroup of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) is currently referred as insistence on sameness (IS) ( Szatmari et al., 2006 Bishop et al., 2013).īoth social communication and repetitive behavior domains have been linked to novelty processing. In the first description of autism, Kanner described key features present in all of his 11 original cases of children these were extreme aloneness, lack of interaction, inability to form close emotional ties with others and “an anxious desire for the maintenance of sameness.” This need for sameness often presents as rigorous adherence to particular routines or rituals and resistance to change in the surroundings (such as placement of toys). The deals that YouTube is offering are on “highly unfavorable, and non-negotiable terms,” according to a news release issued by the Worldwide Independent Music Industry Network last month.Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent difficulties in social interaction and social communication, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests and activities. The news comes as some music trade groups have criticized YouTube’s plans to potentially block the content of certain labels from appearing on YouTube’s free, ad-supported Website unless they sign deals to participate in the new, subscription streaming music service. YouTube has partnered with “hundreds of major and independent” music labels for the new service, the company said in a statement, confirming long-running rumors that the world’s most popular online video website will offer a paid music service. SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - Google Inc’s YouTube said on Tuesday that it plans to launch a paid streaming music service, amid criticism that its existing, free video website might block the music videos of labels that do not agree to its terms. A woman walks in front of a logo of YouTube at the YouTube Space Tokyo, operated by Google, in Tokyo February 14, 2013.
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